The Post Partum period begins soon after delivery and lasts for around eight weeks when the mother’s body has almost returned to the pre pregnancy days. These are crucial days for both the mother and the new born wherein they need a lot of care for both short term as well as long term physical and mental health. Most infant and maternal deaths occur in the first month after delivery. Hence, utmost care is needed. The family members along with the new father should be sensitised about the vulnerable physical and mental state of the mother and child and the emotional care along with physical care needed should be properly explained to them.
Building strength for the Mother
From vaginal pain and bleeding to breastfeeding and engorgement, the new mother has a lot to deal with suddenly. At least one family attendant is needed for the proper care of mother and baby. Vaginal tear usually requires a few weeks of healing till which the mother is encouraged to sit on a padded ring. New mother should be administered over the counter painkillers, icepacks and should be informed about signs of infection such as fever or persistent pain. Complete bed rest for the mother should be encouraged for at least a week and a note should be made if her vaginal bleeding is tapering off from heavy for 3-4 days to gradually light for the first 15 days.
Breast feeding
Skin to skin touch is needed soon within a few hours of birthing for the development of mother-child bond and for the baby to feel secure and safe. Breast feeding is essential for both the mother and the baby. Baby can be saved from a number of infections throughout life and its immunity can be build against a number of life threatening diseases if breast feeding is encouraged. Also, breast feeding women are less likely to develop breast cancer or ovarian cancer. Correct latching of the breast by the baby should be taught to the mother. World Health Organisation (WHO) advises six months of exclusive breastfeeding every 3-4 hours. Breast engorgement can also be avoided this way.
Nutrition & Exercise
New mother needs a balanced diet of a variety of grains, fresh and seasonal fruits, vegetables, milk and its products, proteins and nut oils. Along with that, walking should be encouraged to prepare the mother for active child rearing and gradual return to previous activities. Strenuous exercises should be avoided in the first 2-3 weeks. Bladder and bowel functions too should return to normal gradually. Mild laxatives such as psyllium husk can be taken.
Education on Immunisation
The importance of immunizations. should be explained to the new mother and a chart should be provided to her regarding the time of immunisation of the baby in the coming months and years. Essential education regarding new born care such as bathing, breastfeeding should be given.
Post Partum Depression
Baby blues is common within the first week after delivery but if mood swings, anxiety, crying spells and insomnia persist after two weeks, the mother needs to be taken to a doctor for proper counselling. The father and family members should be encouraged to take care of the baby and extend emotional support to the mother.